What the AFR is used for
In the US, the IRS publishes the Applicable Federal Rates every month under section 1274(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, based on Treasury yields. Section 7872 uses them for loans between individuals: under those rules, a loan that charges less than the applicable AFR can be treated as a below-market loan, with the forgone interest treated as income to the lender and, for a gift loan, as a gift to the borrower. Loans of $10,000 or less are generally exempt, and loans of $100,000 or less have a limit on the income side.
For a fixed-term loan, the applicable rate is generally the AFR for the month the loan is made; the rates of later months do not change it. A tax advisor can tell you how these rules apply to your loan.